Mega molecular evolutionary genetics analysis. meg file by using the File|Open command.
Mega includes a large repertoire of programs for assembling sequence alignments, inferring evolutionary trees, estimating genetic distances and diversities, inferring ancestral sequences, computing timetrees, and testing selection (Kumar et al. protein sequences from an e volutionar Oct 15, 2004 · Analysis and phylogenetic comparisons of full-length VP2 genes of the 24 bluetongue virus serotypes. 2), making it much easier to conduct comparative anal-yses in a single computing environment (Kumar, Tamura, Apr 23, 2021 · The Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software has continuously grown to meet the need for sophisticated evolutionary analysis to discover organismal and genome evolutionary patterns and processes. 0 was released. Ex 4. We announce the release of the fourth version of MEGA software, which expands on the existing facilities for editing DNA sequence data from autosequencers, mining Web-databases, performing automatic and manual sequence alignment, analyzing sequence alignments to estimate evolutionary distances, inferring phylogenetic trees, and testing evolutionary hypotheses. 01. August 30, 2000 Build 2 of the beta version of MEGA2 was released. Oct 15, 2004 · The molecular phylogenetic analysis revealed that 15 species are divided into two branches as a whole and Bazhou yak has a closer genetic relationship with Datong yak and polled yak (Figure 1). Abstract. NOTE: Please put "MEGAreq" as the subject of your e-mail so we can filter out our real software requests. MEGA is currently distributed in two editions: a graphical user The Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software implements many analytical methods and tools for phylogenomics and phylomedicine. (MEGA2), f or exploring and analyzing aligned DNA or. Overview. 1: Start MEGA by double-clicking on the MEGA desktop icon, or by using the Windows start-menu to click on the MEGA icon located in the programs folder. Mega includes a large repertoire of programs for assembling sequence alignments, inferring evolutionary trees, estimating genetic distances and diversities, inferring ancestral sequences, computing timetrees, and testing selection ( Kumar et al Jan 1, 2023 · Certain phylogenetic analysis tools are able to perform multiple steps in the analysis. The data presented form an initial basis for B TV serotype identification by sequence analyses and comparison of Seg-2, and for development of molecular diagnostic assays for individual BTV serotypes (by RT-PCR). May 2, 2018 · The Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis ( Mega) software implements many analytical methods and tools for phylogenomics and phylomedicine. Bioinformatics 28:2685–2686. Comput Appl Biosci. tein sequences that are aimed at inferring the molecular. We announce the release of the fourth version of MEGA software, which Center Analysis Preferences Dialog • • Unlimited Data size for Analysis • • • Genetic Code Table Selection . MEGA X does not require virtualization or emulation software and provides a uniform May 7, 2007 · Abstract. , 2011) is a user-friendly software for mining online databases, building sequence alignments and phylogenetic trees, and using methods of evolutionary bioinformatics in basic biology, biomedicine, and evolution. MEGA 11: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 11. Note that only the Amino Acid submenu is available. MEGA, Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis, é um software livre disponível para ajudar cientistas e estudantes na elaboração de dendrogramas ou árvores filogenéticas usando sequências de nucleótidos ou proteínas. The three versions of MEGA have been released, and they integrate Web-based sequence data acquisition and align-ment capabilities (fig. 35,965. Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 5 (MEGA5) (Tamura et al. Comparative analysis of molecular sequence data is essential for reconstructing the evolutionary MEGA X (64-bit) (for Windows) MEGA is provided FREE for use in research and education (see terms below) To download MEGA, please fill in the information requested below about how and where MEGA is used. Jul 1, 2016 · Abstract and Figures. March 5, 2001 MEGA version 2. Jul 1, 2004 · These methods require easy-to-use computer programs. MEGA is an integrated tool for conducting automatic and manual sequence alignment, inferring phylogenetic trees, mining web-based databases, estimating rates of molecular evolution, and testing evolutionary May 2, 2018 · Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (Mega) software provides tools to conduct such analyses. Phylogenetic analysis of the relationships of these three elements and other members of the mariner/Tc1 superfamily, based on their encoded amino acid sequences, suggests that they form a new basal subfamily of mariner elements, the rosa subfamily. 1. Bioinformatics Vol. Aug 24, 2012 · The molecular evolutionary genetics analysis (MEGA) software is an integrated suite of tools for statistics-based comparative analysis of molecular sequence data based on evolutionary principles (Kumar et al. Biology. Figure 1. A new Timetree Wizard in MEGA6 facilitates this timetree inference by providing a graphical user interface (GUI) to specify the phylogeny and calibration constraints step-by-step. Aug 1, 2008 · The Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software is a desktop application designed. Oct 15, 2012 · MEGA-CC provides users with access to all the computational analyses available through MEGA's graphical user interface version. MEGA: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis software for microcomputers. Tamura K, Peterson D, Peterson N, Stecher G, Nei M, and Kumar S (2011) Molecular Biology and Evolution 28:2731-2739. Methods for We announce the release of an advanced version of the Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software, which currently contains facilities for building sequence alignments, inferring phylogenetic histories, and conducting molecular evolutionary analysis. This anonymous information is important for obtaining funding support for the maintenance and further development of MEGA. This new version eliminates the need for virtualization and emulation programs previously required to use MEGA on Apple New additions are described that make MEGA a more comprehensive tool for building timetrees of species, pathogens, and gene families using rapid relaxed-clock methods and a Bayesian method for estimating neutral evolutionary probabilities of alleles in a species using multispecies sequence alignments. This technology allows users to conduct sequence alignment, infer phylogenetic trees, estimate divergence times, mine online databases, estimate rates of molecular evolution, infer ancestral sequences, and Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 1. Working With Genes and Domains. Mar 22, 2016 · We present the latest version of the Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (M ega ) software, which contains many sophisticated methods and tools for phylogenomics and phylomedicine. Jan 6, 2020 · The Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software enables comparative analysis of molecular sequences in phylogenetics and evolutionary medicine. MEGA is an integrated tool for conducting automatic and manual sequence alignment, inferring phylogenetic trees, mining web-based databases, estimating rates of molecular evolution, and testing evolutionary Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) is computer software for conducting statistical analysis of molecular evolution and for constructing phylogenetic trees. To obtain MEGA 4 by mail, contact: Sudhir Kumar Center for Evolutionary Functional Genomics The Biodesign Institute PO Box 875001 Tempe, AZ 85287-5301 USA software-request@megasoftware. Use the Models pull-down to ensure that the Amino Acid|p-distance model is selected. É desenvolvido por Koichiro Tamura da Tokyo Metropolitan University, Daniel Peterson, Nicholas Peterson, Glen Stecher, Sudhir Kumar da Arizona State University, e Nei Sophisticated and user-friendly software suite for analyzing DNA and protein sequence data from species and populations. Researchers can now explore and analyze tens Dec 1, 1995 · A. The MEGA user interface has been enhanced to be activity below, set MEGA apart from other comparative sequence analysis programs As with previous versions, MEGA 5 is specifically designed to reduce the time needed for mundane tasks in data analysis and to provide statistical methods of molecular evolutionary genetic analysis in an easy-to-use computing workbench. Mega X does not require virtualization or emulation software and provides a Dec 1, 2001 · MEGA2 vastly extends the capabilities of MEGA version 1 by facilitating analyses of large datasets, enabling creation and analyses of groups of sequences, and expanding the repertoire of statistical methods for molecular evolutionary studies. Highly Influenced. MEGA 11. Ex 5. ware is developed for comparative analyses of DNA and pro-. MEGA is distributed with a nominal fee to defray the cost of producing the user manual , the diskette(s), and the mailing and handling expenses (see order form). Nei M, Kumar S. New additions are described that make MEGA a more comprehensive tool for building timetrees of species, pathogens, and gene families using rapid relaxed ‐ clock methods and a Bayesian method for estimating neutral evolutionary probabilities of alleles in a species using multispecies sequence alignments. Apr 23, 2021 · 2016. This is a bug fix release and is the current stable release. Here, we introduce the macOS version of the MEGA software. It is written in C++ and is intended to be used on IBM and IBM-compatible personal computers. 1 was released. 2: Activate the data present in the Contigs. Here, we describe new additions that make MEGA a more comprehensive tool for building timetrees of species, pathogens, and gen e families using rapid relaxed-clock methods. Here, we report a transformation of MEGA to enable cross-platform use on Microsoft Windows and Linux operating systems. PO Box 875001. It supports Windows, Linux, and multi-user environments, and has a real-time caption expert engine. While MEGA 5 May 1, 2014 · The Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis software with mutational diagnosis (MEGA-MD) is a su … Computational diagnosis of amino acid variants in the human exome is the first step in assessing the disruptive impacts of non-synonymous single nucleotide variants (nsSNVs) on human health and disease. (2) When including a MEGA citation in the Literature Cited/Bibliography section MEGA 11:: DESCRIPTION. Apr 1, 2020 · The Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software enables comparative analysis of molecular sequences in phylogenetics and evolutionary medicine. This includes methods for multiple sequence alignment, substitution model selection, evolutionary distance estimation, phylogeny inference, substitution rate and pattern estimation, tests of natural selection and End of search results. (2) When including a MEGA citation in the Literature Mar 22, 2016 · We present the latest version of the Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (M ega) software, which contains many sophisticated methods and tools for phylogenomics and phylomedicine. A progress indicator provides the progress of the test as well as Oct 25, 2007 · MEGA2: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Software. To obtain MEGA 4 by mail, contact: Sudhir Kumar. Tamura K, Stecher G, and Kumar S (2021) Molecular Biology and Evolution 38: 3022-3027. It includes many sophisticated methods and tools for phylogenomics and phylomedicine. One of such multipurpose tools is Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA). Expand. The release of MEGA5 (Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 5), which is a user-friendly software for mining online databases, building sequence alignments and phylogenetic trees, and using methods of evolutionary bioinformatics in basic biology, biomedicine, and evolution is announced. Kumar S, Tamura K, Nei M. 1: Select the Data|Setup|Select Genes & Domains menu The Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software has matured to contain a large collection of methods and tools of computational molecular evo lution. In this major upgrade, Mega has been optimized for use on 64-bit computing systems for analyzing larger datasets. A list of primary features in MEGA. MEGA2 vastly extends the capabilities of MEGA version 1 by: (1) facilitating analyses of large datasets; (2) enabling creation and analyses of groups A supervised machine learning approach with sparsity constraints for phylogenomics, referred to as evolutionary sparse learning (ESL), which provides a natural way to combine different molecular and non-molecular data types and incorporate biological and functional annotations of genomic loci directly in model building. Summary: We have developed a new software package, Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 2 (MEGA2), for exploring and analyzing aligned DNA or protein sequences from an evolutionary perspective. 6 million times worldwide. The field of evolutionary biology lost a great one on May 18, 2023. 2016). MEGA is cur-rently distributed in two editions: a graphical user We have developed a new software package, Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 2 (MEGA2), for exploring and analyzing aligned DNA or protein sequences from an evolutionary perspective. 0. net Fax: 480 727 6947. MEGA5: Molecular Evolutionary Genetic Analysis using Maximum Likelihood, Evolutionary Distance, and Maximum Parsimony Methods. He developed the first methods for converting sequence divergence into trees, and the testing of molecular evolutionary hypotheses. It was first re-leased in 1993 to offer the statistical methods of molecular evolution through an interactive interface on the Microsoft If you wish to cite MEGA in your publications, we suggest the following: (1) When referring to MEGA in the main text of your publication, you may choose a format such as: MEGA11: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 11 (Tamura, Stecher, and Kumar 2021). May 16, 2018 · MEGA Software Celebrates Silver Anniversary. The Biodesign Institute. Malacrida. Molecular evolution and MEGA: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis, version 1. The Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software enables comparative analysis of molecular sequences in phylogenetics and evolutionary medicine. software-request@megasoftware. The first version of MEGA (Kumar et al. , 1994) made many methods of evolutionary analysis easily accessible to the scientific The Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) soft-ware is developed for comparative analyses of DNA and pro-tein sequences that are aimed at inferring the molecular evolutionary patterns of We announce the release of an advanced version of the Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software, which currently contains facilities for building sequence alignments, inferring phylogenetic histories, and conducting molecular evolutionary analysis. 1 ). Disclaimer. In this study, we compared SeaView, Geneious and MEGA based on their results, usability, and ability to perform evolutionary analysis. Citation for MEGA 11: MEGA 11: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 11. Download PDF. 0, MEGA now enables the inference of timetrees, as it implements the Apr 16, 2008 · The Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software is a desktop application designed for comparative analysis of homologous gene sequences either from multigene families or from different species with a special emphasis on inferring evolutionary relationships and patterns of DNA and protein evolution. The latest version of the Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (Mega) software, which contains many sophisticated methods and tools for phylogenomics and phylomedicine, has been optimized for use on 64-bit computing systems for analyzing larger datasets. We present the latest version of the Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (M ega ) software, which contains many sophisticated methods and tools for phylogenomics and phylomedicine. MEGA 11 introduces expanded relaxed-clock dating methods May 4, 2011 · The Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) soft- ware was developed with the goa l of providing a biologist cen- tric, integrated suite of tools for statistical analyses of DNA Dec 1, 2013 · The latest version of the Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (Mega) software, which contains many sophisticated methods and tools for phylogenomics and phylomedicine, has been optimized for use on 64-bit computing systems for analyzing larger datasets. The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802. Oct 16, 2013 · The Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software is developed for comparative analyses of DNA and protein sequences that are aimed at inferring the molecular evolutionary patterns of genes, genomes, and species over time ( Kumar et al. Molecular Biology and Evolution 24:1596-1599. Tempe, AZ 85287-5301 USA. 2000. Known for his mathematical rigor and tenacity in pop-ulation genetic and phylogenetic analysis, no one has had a greater impact on the emergence of a formal field of molec-ular evolution than Masatoshi Nei. Degeneracy of codon positions • • • Numbers of potential synonymous sites MEGA 11. - Download PDF. UNLABELLED We have developed a new software package, Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 2 (MEGA2), for exploring and analyzing aligned DNA MEGA 11: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 11 Version 11 adds new timing methods and is optimized for working with larger data. Here, we announce the release of Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 5 (MEGA5), which is a user-friendly software for mining online databases, building sequence alignments and phylogenetic trees, and using methods of evolutionary bioinformatics in basic biology, biomedicine, and evolution. The Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software aims to serve both of these purposes in inferring evolutionary relationships of homologous sequences, exploring basic statistical properties of genes and estimating neutral and selective evolu-tionary divergence among sequences (Figure 1). evolutionary The Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software implements many analytical methods and tools for phylogenomics and phylomedicine. 01 Sudhir Kumar, Koichiro Tamura and Masatoshi Nei. Oct 16, 2013 · The Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software is developed for comparative analyses of DNA and protein sequences that are aimed at inferring the molecular evolutionary patterns of genes, genomes, and species over time (Kumar et al. Here, we report a transformation of Mega to enable cross-platform use on Microsoft Windows and Linux operating systems. A manuscript describing MEGA 5 is being submitted, once MEGA 5 is released from the Beta testing phase (very early 2011) please cite MEGA in the following way: Koichiro Tamura Dec 1, 2001 · Summary: We have developed a new software package, Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 2. In 1993, the very first version of Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA Mar 22, 2016 · Abstract. MEGA (Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis)is an integrated tool for automatic and manual sequence alignment, inferring phylogenetic trees, mining web-based databases, estimating rates of molecular evolution, and testing evolutionary hypotheses. 2: An analysis preferences dialog box appears. Although utmost care has been taken to ensure the correctness of the software, the software is provided "as is" without any Abstract. MEGA has a variety of useful functions including sequence alignment construction, a genetic Sep 1, 2007 · The Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software is a desktop application designed for comparative analysis of homologous gene sequences either from multigene families or from One such effort has been to produce Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software, with its focus on facilitating the exploration and analysis of the DNA and protein sequence variation from an evolutionary perspective. In this program, various methods for estimating MEGA 11. Table 1 contains a summary of all statistical methods and models in MEGA5, with new features marked with an asterisk (*). We present the latest version of the Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software, which contains many sophisticated methods and tools for phylogenomics and Apr 23, 2021 · Abstract The Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software enables comparative analysis of molecular sequences in phylogenetics and evolutionary medicine. 0, MEGA now enables the inference of timetrees, as it implements the The Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software aims to serve both of these purposes in inferring evolutionary relationships of homologous sequences, exploring basic statistical properties of genes and estimating neutral and selective evolutionary divergence among sequences ( Fig. May 1, 1994 · A computer program package called MEGA has been developed for estimating evolutionary distances, reconstructing phylogenetic trees and computing basic statistical quantities from molecular data The Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) soft-ware is developed for comparative analyses of DNA and pro-tein sequences that are aimed at inferring the molecular evolutionary patterns of genes, genomes, and species over time (Kumar et al. 1994. Center for Evolutionary Functional Genomics. Currently in its third major release, MEGA3 contains facilities for automatic and manual sequence alignment, web MEGA is a tool for sequence alignment, phylogenetic tree inference, molecular evolution estimation, and evolutionary testing. Choose a desired table • • • • Ability to add/edit user defined tables • • • Computation of statistical attributes of a code table. Tamura K, Dudley J, Nei M & Kumar S (2007) MEGA4: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software version 4. In the following, we provide a brief description of Jan 1, 2013 · The Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) soft-. . Researchers can now explore and analyze tens of MEGA 11. meg file by using the File|Open command. December 7, 2000 Build 3 of the beta version of MEGA2 was released. 0 (Beta release) Koichiro Tamura, Joel Dudley Masatoshi Nei, Sudhir Kumar, Draft Center for Evolutionary Functional Genomics Biodesign Institute Arizona State University Jul 30, 2018 · Sophisticated and user-friendly software suite for analyzing DNA and protein sequence data from species and populations. The Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software has matured to contain a Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Citing MEGA in Publications If you wish to cite MEGA in your publications, we suggest the following: (1) When referring to MEGA in the main text of your publication, you may choose a format such as: Phylogenetic and molecular evolutionary analyses were conducted using MEGA Oct 1, 2011 · With the fifth major release, the collection of analysis tools in MEGA has now broadened to include the maximum likelihood (ML) methods for molecular evolutionary analysis. In this major upgrade, M ega has been optimized for use on 64-bit computing systems for analyzing larger datasets. Kumar S, Stecher G, Li M, Knyaz C, and Tamura K (2018) Here, we announce the release of Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 5 (MEGA5), which is a user-friendly software for mining online databases, building sequence alignments and phylogenetic trees, and using methods of evolutionary bioinformatics in basic biology, biomedicine, and evolution. net. This new version eliminates the need for virtualization and emulation programs previously required to use MEGA on Apple computers Apr 2, 1994 · A computer program package called MEGA has been developed for estimating evolutionary distances, reconstructing phylogenetic trees and computing basic statistical quantities from molecular data. With its theoretical basis firmly established in molecular evolutionary and population genetics, comparative sequence analysis has become essential for reconstructing the evolutionary histories of species and multi-gene families, estimating the rates of molecular evolution, and inferring the nature and extent of selective forces shaping the evolution of genes and genomes. If you wish to cite MEGA in your publications, we suggest the following: (1) When referring to MEGA in the main text of your publication, you may choose a format such as: MEGA X: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis across computing platforms (Kumar, Stecher, Li, Knyaz, and Tamura 2018). 2014. 3: Click “Compute” to accept the default values for the rest of the options. Citation for MEGA X: MEGA X Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis across computing platforms. This new version eliminates the need for virtualization and emulation programs previously required to use MEGA on Apple 3,008,071Downloads. 10: 189–191. MEGA can be used with either a graphi The Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software is a desktop application designed for comparative analysis of homologous gene sequences either from multigene families or from different species with a special emphasis on inferring evolutionary relationships and patterns of DNA and protein evolution. TLDR. The MEGA software project grew out of our own Jun 1, 2018 · Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis ( Mega) software provides tools to conduct such analyses. This new version eliminates the need for virtualization and emulation programs previously required to use MEGA on Apple computers. 2008; Tamura et al. 2011). 2011 ). Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) is computer software for conducting statistical analysis of molecular evolution and for constructing phylogenetic trees. The objective of the Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 2 (MEGA2) software development is to provide user-friendly tools for exploring, discovering, and analyzing these data from evolutionary perspectives. 10 for Windows and Linux (32 and 64 bit) and macOS is now available. MEGA is an integrated tool for conducting automatic and manual sequence alignment, inferring phylogenetic trees, mining web-based databases, estimating rates of molecular evolution, and testing evolutionary hypotheses. 0, MEGA now enables the inference of timetrees, as it implements the RelTime method for estimating divergence times for all branching points in a phylogeny. A computer program package called MEGA has been developed for estimating evolutionary distances, reconstructing phylogenetic trees and computing basic statistical quantities from molecular data. Journal of Molecular Evolution. MEGA is an integrated tool for conducting automatic and manual sequence alignment, inferring phylogenetic trees, mining web-based databases, estimating rates of molecular evolution, and testing evolutionary MEGA-CC: computing core of molecular evolutionary genetics analysis program for automated and iterative data analysis. Abstract The Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software has matured to contain The Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software is used for analyzing Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) and protein sequence data. One such effort has been to produce Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software, with its focus on facilitating the exploration Aug 1, 2007 · Version 4 of MEGA software expands on the existing facilities for editing DNA sequence data from autosequencers, mining Web-databases, performing automatic and manual sequence alignment, analyzing sequence alignments to estimate evolutionary distances, inferring phylogenetic trees, and testing evolutionary hypotheses. 1) with the evolutionary analyses (fig. MEGA2 vastly extends the capabilities of MEGA version 1 by: (1) facilitating analyses of large datasets; (2) enabling creation and analyses Apr 23, 2021 · The Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software has matured to contain a large collection of methods and tools of computational molecular evolution. It is licensed as proprietary freeware. In the past 25 years, stretching from the dawn of personal computing to the social media age, the “always free” molecular evolutionary genetics analysis (MEGA) tool has been downloaded 1. for comparative analysis of homologous gene sequences either from multigene families or from We present the latest version of the Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (Mega) software, which contains many sophisticated methods and tools for phylogenomics and phylomedicine. Here, we describe new additions that make MEGA a more comprehensive tool for building timetrees of species, pathogens, and gene families using rapid relaxed-clock methods. 1994; Tamura et al. In version 6. The Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) soft-ware has continuously grown to meet the need for sophisti-cated evolutionary analysis to discover organismal and genome evolutionary patterns and processes. 17, 12:1244-1245 July 23, 2001 MEGA version 2. Distribution: Institute of Molecular Evolutionary Genetics 328 Mueller Laboratory The Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA 16802, USA Telephone: 814-863-7334 (not for technical assistance) Fax : 814-863-7336 E MEGA Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 4. yu mu nk hn vd il uu kf dr pb